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Active Tracking Sonotronics, Inc is dedicated to providing state-of-the-art ultrasonic transmitters, receivers, and hydrophones for tracking animals and equipment underwater. Our products are designed to meet the highest standards of performance and reliability, ensuring accurate and efficient animal tracking. More Info Passive Tracking Explore some of our featured projects where our acoustic telemetry solutions have played a pivotal role in advancing research and conservation efforts. From tracking marine mammals to monitoring underwater equipment, our technology has been instrumental in various scientific studies and environmental projects. More Info Equipment Tracking Acoustic equipment tracking is a crucial aspect of marine research and exploration. With our advanced technology and expertise, we provide reliable and accurate tracking solutions for your equipment. Trust us to help you achieve your underwater research goals. More Info *NEW* PT KIT ANNOUNCEMENTS What's New! MODULE ONLY GENERATORS (MO) Scholarship The Don L Brumbaugh Memorial Equipment Scholarship ABOUT SONOTRONICS, INC Founded in 1971, Sonotronics is THE Pioneer in Acoustic Telemetry for Animal tracking. Providing Ultrasonic Transmitters, Receivers and Hydrophones for Tracking Animals and Equipment underwater. Sonotronics products are used around the world in every ocean, and in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Sonotronics is a lead manufacturer of acoustic transmitters and acoustic receivers. We strive to provide excellent service to our customers while working together to make a difference in the world we share. How Sonotronics and our Customers are Making a Difference in the World we Share…* Learn More

GSA PURCHASING AT SONOTRONICS WE MAKE IT AS EASY AS POSSIBLE FOR YOU TO PLACE YOUR ORDER THROUGH GSA. SCHEDULE TITLE: Schedule 66, Scientific Equipment and Services CONTRACT NUMBER: GS-07F-473AA CONTRACT PERIOD: through Jan 2020 SIN 66-604: Underwater Releases, Transponders, Buoys, & Platforms and Oceanographic Analysis and Display Systems NAICS Codes: 334511 334513 334519 334290 532490 Contact Information: SONOTRONICS INC. 3169 S Chrysler Avenue Tucson, AZ 85713 Phone: 520-746-3322 Fax: 520-294-2040 Email: sales@sonotronics.com Not all items listed on this site are on our GSA contract. Please click on the following link for the latest copy of our GSA Product Overview, GSA Prices and Terms and Conditions. Product Overview, Price List, Terms and Conditions Look for us on GSA Advantage. Search our product line using our contract number GS-07F-473AA and see our product offering.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS How do I uniquely identify Sonotronics’ transmitters? Sonotronics uses multiple methods to identify its transmitters. First, the combination of Pulse Interval (PI) and frequency uniquely defines a particular transmitter. Given the availability of over 25 different frequencies, and the allowing 10mS spacing to allow unique intervals from 870mS to 1500mS, this allows for over 1500 simple combinations, and custom intervals and frequencies are available to allow for more than double this amount. In addition, Sonotronics transmitters employ a unique aural code that sounds as a distinct pattern of pings when listening via a receivers’ speaker or headphone. This feature is similar in concept to the use of Morse code in radio communications, allowing for detection and identification under adverse conditions or at extreme ranges. What are the source levels for Sonotronics’ transmitters? Because source level is only a portion of information necessary to evaluate the performance of an acoustic system, Sonotronics quotes achievable ranges rather than source level in most publications. The combination of very narrow band receivers (500Hz total) and directional hydrophones provide for excellent detection ranges with even modest power transmitters. An expression used to predict range is: NL-DI = SL-TL, where NL is the noise level, and is bandwidth dependant, DI is the directivity index of the hydrophone, TL is the transmission loss between transmitter and hydrophone due to range and absorption, and SL is the source level of the transmitter: range is inferred by the distance component of TL. Note that NL is a function of bandwidth (10*logBW) – the difference between an SUR with a bandwidth of 500Hz and a receiver with a 6000Hz bandwidth is over 10db, With that said, the normal source levels (ref 1uPascal @ 1m) of Sonotronics' transmitters are as follows: PT-1 128-132db PT-2,3; IBT96-1,2 134-136db CT-82-2, CT-05-36, EMT-01-1 142-144db CHP87, DT97, EMT01-2 146-149db EMT-01-3 161-167db What detection range should I expect from my SUR? As mentioned in the FAQ above, this depends on several factors, including the losses in between transmitter and receiver, and the transmitter source level. Some real life examples follow: St. Claire River Near Detroit, MI. 6/23/2005: SUR deployed in 5 feet of water near the shore, depth increases to 50m, CT-05 suspended at 1m. Reliable detections at 400m. Lake Pleasant at Cave Creek, AZ: CHP transmitters detected regularly between 400m and 500m with an array of 6 SUR's. What range should I expect when manual tracking? Ranges stated in the Product Guide (up to 1km, up to 3km, etc.) are stated for manual tracking, using a narrow band receiver such as USR-96 and USR-08, and a directional hydrophone such as the DH-4, under ‘reasonable conditions’. These include calm sea states, and waters favorable to acoustic propagation. A few factors that reduce range include: Shallow environments - Environments in less than 10m of water can reduce the range you can achieve from acoustic transmitters. For example, transmitters with a range of up to 3km were detected at around 500m in 3m depth water. Temperature or Salinity stratified environments - When there is a temperature or salinity gradient in the water column where a transmitter is located, there is an effect called ray bending that occurs. Because the speed of sound in water is a function of temperature and salinity, you can end up with "layers" in which the speed of sound is different. Due to Snell's law, the sound signal is bent at the interface between each layer. The end result of this is that sound can be warped downward, reducing range. Additionally, a thermocline (distinct division between two temperature layers) may reduce ranges significantly: under extreme cases, sound may not reach the surface at all. One technique to overcome this is the use of an omnidirectional hydrophone (such as a TH-2) with a long cable to penetrate the thermocline. What is the difference between ultrasonic (acoustic) transmitters and radio transmitters, and when do you use each? Ultrasonic (acoustic) transmitters emit high frequency sound which propagates mechanically, while radio transmitters emit electromagnetic energy. Generally acoustic transmitters are preferred in deep (>5m) and/or conductive waters. Radio transmitters are preferred in shallow water, especially ‘babbling’ waters. What size transmitter should I use on the animals in my study? Common rule of thumb is the weight of the transmitter measured in water should not exceed 1.25% of the weight of the animal measured in air. In other words, taking the published “water-weight” of a transmitter, then multiplying by 80, will indicate the smallest weight animal to be tagged. Do you have any citations to support this data? Please reference the following for supporting data, and for general information: THE LIMITATIOINS OF FISH TRACKING SYSTEMS: ACOUSTIC AND SATELLITE TECHNIQUES . By 1. G. Priede, NOAA Technical Memorandum, published May 1986 D.L. BRUMBAUGH: AFS PRESENTATION ON ACOUSTIC TRACKING SYSTEMS. By D. L. Brumbaugh FISHERIES TECHNIQUES , edited by Larry Nielsen and David Johnson, available from American Fisheries Society

TRACKING PRODUCTS Sonotronics offers an array of tracking products built on the concept of an Integrated Tracking Approach – a method that permits interoperability between product types, as well as forward and backward compatibility. As an example, recently a transmitter used to tag a fish 14 years earlier was detected by a modern MANTRAK receiver, and recovered on a lake bottom by use of an Underwater Diver Receiver (UDR) used primarily for the recovery of tagged equipment. This flexibility and consistency protects your investment in equipment, and allows for collaboration between groups with different interests: many universities use Sonotronics passive tracking products for long term fisheries studies, while at the same institution, an engineering group uses equipment tracking transmitters to tag submerged electronics packages for later retrieval, and both groups use the same active tracking receivers to obtain real-time information on either fish or equipment location and associated telemetry. Although this equipment is highly compatible, there are some detailed differences that help in particular applications: for example Equipment Marking Transmitters (EMTs) the same internal electronics as passive tracking tags used in fisheries research, the EMTs are housed in rugged, brightly colored PVC, with large mounting holes allowing use of standard zip ties for easy attachment to equipment. Based on the application area, Sonotronics tacking products are divided into 3 areas: Active Tracking, Passive Tracking, and Equipment Tracking.

THE DON L. BRUMBAUGH MEMORIAL EQUIPMENT SCHOLARSHIP The Sonotronics Equipment Scholarship, established in 2005, commemorates Donald L. Brumbaugh’s pioneering work in the development of fisheries and wildlife biotelemetry technologies. The scholarship is designed to aid students in fisheries research projects. Apply Here Scholarship Application Criteria Project must be related to fisheries and/or aquatic animal management. Applicant must be a undergraduate or graduate student in a fisheries related discipline. Scholarship award is a grant toward the purchase of Sonotronics’ equipment. Criteria for Scholarship Selection Clarity and relevance of project goals Clarity and relevance of proposed project methods GPA If you are interested in applying for the Sonotronics equipment scholarship please contact Sonotronics for an application, or download the PDF using the link below: Download Scholarship Application

CTT TRANSMITTERS – CODED TEMPERATURE TELEMETRY Sonotronics temperature telemetry transmitters transmit their current temperature by varying the pulse interval time between pings. For example, a tag at 0 deg Celsius may have an interval time of 700ms, and at 25 deg celsius it may have a pulse interval time of 1450ms. Temperature tag instruction sheets are sent with temperature tags. The temperature transmitters have an accuracy of +/-2 deg C and a resolution of.5 deg C. The transmitters can be user calibrated for accuracies greater than +/- 2 deg C. Temperature Telemetry Transmitters CTT: Range up to 1km+ Notes The typical rule of thumb is to use transmitters that have a weight in water that is 1.5 – 2% of the fish weight in air. Weight in O2 (air) is put only as additional reference. -E is the extension denoting external mount, -I denotes internal implant. You must specify internal or external when ordering transmitters. Links: CTT Manual VIDEOS

TIPS FOR USING SONOTRONICS PRODUCTS Trout Surgery These pictures show biologist Kara Hilwig, with USGS, during surgery on a Colorado River trout. Attachment of CHP-87-S Transmitter to Diamond Back Terrapin Pictures submitted by Matt Draud, Long Island University

MINISURT Sonotronics proudly introduces this new addition to available fisheries research technologies. This small, inexpensive, long life unit allows for tracking of fish passage within its detection area. Strings, arrays, or individual receivers can be utilized depending on the resolution of detection desired in the study. One of the main principles behind the miniSURT is its ability to save valuable field time by simplifying deployments thus reducing project costs. The miniSURT brings new features and options to the marketplace aiding in the continued development of fisheries research technologies. Applications Include: 1. Site fidelity studies 2. Spawning area detection 3. Animal attachment for social experiments 4. Simple positioning in array configurations 5. Gates for Active tracking boundaries 6. Towable: for area surveys The miniSURT allows simple mooring by using tie-wraps to connect to small rope. Transmitters within the units detection area will be logged to the on board memory along with date and time. The miniSURT may be configured in the field to allow frequency scanning for ACT coded transmitters, or use with rcode transmitters. The miniSURT is designed to allow mounting to an animal as a small (16mm diameter) expendable unit, as a remotely powered, cabled RS232 system, or as a standalone submersible receiver powered by a single AA lithium battery. miniSURTsoft The miniSURT is compatible with Sonotronics integrated software for communications with logging receivers – SURtool, SURsoft, and SURsoftDPC. SURtool or SURsoft may be used to set time and date, download data, configure detection frequency and many other options. The data processing center can be used to process and examine the data obtained from miniSURT’s, saving valuable time in sorting data. Features include examining data by transmitter, processing telemetry data, and viewing a graphic display of activity at a passive receiver. Links: Datasheets miniSURT Software miniSURTsoft SURsoftDPC VIDEOS

PASSIVE TRACKING Transmitters CHP High Powered Transmitters High powered transmitters function identically to the coded transmitters, but have a very high power output. This allows tracking of pelagic species and tracking in large or open water areas. More… CT Standard Coded Transmitters Standard coded transmitters ping an aural code for easy audible detection by researchers. These transmitters for unique identification of thousands of animals by varying combination of frequencies, codes, and pulse interval (time between pings). More… CTT Temperature Telemetry Transmitters Temperature telemetry transmitters allow for the telemetry of temperature in the vicinity of tagged animal in addition to location and identification. More… DT Depth Telemetry Transmitters Depth transmitters allow for telemetry of animals depth to arrive in real time, as well as location and identification via similar coding to the coded transmitters. More… IBT Miniature Transmitters Miniature transmitters function identically to the coded transmitters, but are very small in size. This allows tracking of very small species. More… PT PicoTag Subminiature Transmitters These new very small transmitters allow for attachment to smaller animals than every before. More… Receivers miniSUR Submersible Ultrasonic Receiver This small, inexpensive, long life unit allows for detection of fish passage within its detection area. More… SUR Submersible Ultrasonic Receiver This rugged, inexpensive, long life unit allows for detection of fish passage within its detection area. More… Hydrophones DH-4 Directional Hydrophone The DH-4 provides the greatest range and precision in locating transmitters from 30kHz to 100kHz. More… TH-2 Towed Omnidirectional Hydrophone The TH-2 provides a simple method for mobile active tracking: its small size and hydrodynamic shape allows for trolling at speeds up to 5 knots, while the long cable length minimizes the affect of engine and prop noise. More…

EQUIPMENT MARKING TRANSMITTERS (EMT) Sonotronics’ Equipment Marking Transmitters consist of high powered, long life transmitters placed in rugged, highly visible packaging. The EMT series transmitters come standard with flat ends and 3/16″ mounting holes on each end. Other custom packaging options are possible. Notes * The EMT-01-3 has user replaceable batteries. **EMT-01-1 and EMT-01-2: Recommended maximum depth rating: 2500m. Transmitters have been tested successfully to 5000m depth. The EMT-01-3 replaceable battery unit is rated for a maximum depth of 1000m. Links: EMT Data Sheet EMT Manual VIDEOS

USR-23 ULTRASONIC RECEIVER The USR-23 is an active tracking receiver with new features to locate ultrasonic transmitters manufactured by SONOTRONICS, Vemco or Lotek Wireless. USR-23 Features Include: Digital display Waterproof Pelican Case (1150) Internal detection audio alarm Compatible with passive data loggers Optional dual hydrophone input Optional GPS input with position logging ACT and Rcode decoding (thus being able to locate ultrasonic transmitters manufactured by SONOTRONICS, Vemco or Lotek Wireless.) Compatible with SURsoft data analysis tool for SONOTRONICS logging receivers. Links: USR-23 Manual USRsoft software VIDEOS

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